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The majority of the reputable truck builders are attempting to build a high-quality product that will operate over a period of years with the minimum of maintenance expense; however, many designers lose sight of the effect of shocks and strains, which is of even greater importance. Stating that a truck is scrapped for some one or a combination of the three reasons of obsolescence of design, wear on vital parts that cannot be replaced economically and failure of parts due to shock loads, fatigue or crystallization, the author comments upon these and then discusses chassis strains under five specific headings, illustrations also being given.

Statistics taken from a report made by the Department of Agriculture regarding the number and size of farms in the United States indicate that approximately 2,580,000 farms are available as a market for the isolated gas-electric lighting plant. The common types of lighting plant are classified in three groups, each of which is subdivided into three classes, and these are illustrated, described and discussed. The characteristics of the ideal farm lighting-plant are enumerated and discussed as a preface to a somewhat lengthy consideration of the factors that influence the design of the component parts, which are grouped as pertaining to the engine, the generator, the switchboard and the battery. Storage batteries are still considered the weakest part of the isolated plant and they are specially commented upon. The author emphasizes that much still remains to be accomplished as regards the stability of design, reliability and economy of the isolated plant.

A discussion of the advantages of magneto ignition resolves itself into a comparison of magneto and battery-ignition systems, resembling early discussions of the relative merits of the direct and the alternating-current electric systems; both are in existence and fulfilling their respective parts. After stating that ignition is closely related to carburetion and generalizing on the subject of ignition, the author discusses the fundamentals of ignition systems at length, presenting numerous diagrams, and passes to somewhat detailed consideration of comparative spark values, using illustrations. Storage batteries and auxiliary devices receive due attention next and numerous characteristic curves of battery and magneto ignition are shown. Impulse couplings are advantageous in starting large truck and tractor engines, which generally use magnetos; these are described.

An analysis of japanning practice as a systematized industrial operation is presented as the result of an investigation. The nature of japans is discussed and an outline given of how the apparently contradictory requirements that japans must be weatherproof, somewhat flexible, sufficiently thick to be lasting, possess enough hardness to prevent excessive scratching under ordinary service conditions and take on a brilliant finish, can be fulfilled in an ordinary industrial plant without undue expenditure, so as to accomplish the original and primary objects of applying a finish to metal parts to prevent them from too great deterioration and supply a pleasing appearance to the finished product. Adequate provision for securing a uniform product is essential. The details of this are discussed. Three ways of applying japan are explained. The considerations involved in cleaning the metal and baking japan are enumerated at some length and the methods are described.

The author discusses the different types of material used in the production of the Liberty engine, the physical properties of the finished parts and the heat-treatments used in making them, applying the information as set forth to the automobile, truck and tractor industries. Under their several heads the different engine pans are discussed with close attention to details. Chemical analyses are given for each part and approved heat-treating temperatures are indicated. Quenching, direct and indirect, water and oil cooling, hard spots, warpage, scaling and hair-line seams are treated. The advantages and disadvantages of the Izod impact test are stated briefly.

Iron rust is caused by electrolytic action between the various constituents of iron or steel in the presence of moisture and impurities. It is a continuous process; a coating of rust does not protect the metal underneath. The principal requirements of a rust-prevention process as applied to automobiles, aircraft and other machined and hardened parts are that it (1) Prevent rusting under normal use (2) Prevent the spreading of rust (3) Make no change in dimensions or fits (4) Make no alterations in physical properties (5) Be permanent for the life of the part (6) Be easy and quick of application (7) Be commercially practicable as to cost Of the most familiar rust-proofing processes, the cold, the hot and the high-temperature, the last is eliminated by requirements (3) and (4), while the cold processes and also japanning are eliminated by (2), (3) and (5). There remain three hot processes, the Parker, the Coslett and the Guerini.

Motor vehicle standards in Japan was systematically established in 1951 for the first time. On the other hand, in Europe, the United States and Australia, etc., there are EEC directive, FMVSS and ADR, etc. However, it is desirable to harmonize these standards as harmonization of motor vehicle standards will contribute to the improvement of productivity for motor vehicle development and manufacture. As for the international harmonization, ECE WP29 has been playing a key role. Therefore, Japan has positively supported the standard harmonizing activities of ECE WP29. We must promote the international harmonization in co-operation with ECE WP29.